Women's Health and New Mom's Concerns
Antibody Levels
Follow-up Testing you should have! Recommendations from the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center
Before pregnancy, celiac antibody levels should be normal. See this PubMed search and the videos titled Katie Bruno.
Follow-up Testing you should have! Recommendations from the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center
Before pregnancy, celiac antibody levels should be normal. See this PubMed search and the videos titled Katie Bruno.
Nutrition
Preliminary research suggests that eating more fiber during pregnancy, particularly in the form of fruits and vegetables, lowers the risk of the baby developing Celiac Disease.
Something else to consider, especially during pregnancy, is that gluten-free food is typically NOT enriched, potentially leading to deficiencies.
Enriched wheat flour has added B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid) and iron, and may also have added calcium. (Here is the FDA's rule on Enriched Flour). Information about the enrichment of gluten free products is found in this chart from the article Injecting Health into the Gluten Free Diet .
Gluten Intolerance Group has numerous educational bulletins listed under Resources on their website. Many of these may be of interest to you, but the following ones in particular discuss nutrients that may be lacking in the gluten-free diet:
Periconceptional Folate Deficiency and Implications in Neural Tube Defects
From page 2 of this article: Folate, or vitamin B9, is most abundantly found in dark green leafy vegetables, but also in orange juice, legumes (e.g., black beans and kidney beans), nuts, asparagus, and strawberries. With the exception of liver, meat is not a good source of folate [17]. Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate and is usually more bioavailable than natural food folate. Due to its lower bioavailability from natural foods, many countries have adopted mandatory folic acid food fortification programs.
Getting into the weeds with FDA: Can gluten-free bread carry an “enriched gluten-free bread” claim?
Preliminary research suggests that eating more fiber during pregnancy, particularly in the form of fruits and vegetables, lowers the risk of the baby developing Celiac Disease.
Something else to consider, especially during pregnancy, is that gluten-free food is typically NOT enriched, potentially leading to deficiencies.
Enriched wheat flour has added B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid) and iron, and may also have added calcium. (Here is the FDA's rule on Enriched Flour). Information about the enrichment of gluten free products is found in this chart from the article Injecting Health into the Gluten Free Diet .
Gluten Intolerance Group has numerous educational bulletins listed under Resources on their website. Many of these may be of interest to you, but the following ones in particular discuss nutrients that may be lacking in the gluten-free diet:
Periconceptional Folate Deficiency and Implications in Neural Tube Defects
From page 2 of this article: Folate, or vitamin B9, is most abundantly found in dark green leafy vegetables, but also in orange juice, legumes (e.g., black beans and kidney beans), nuts, asparagus, and strawberries. With the exception of liver, meat is not a good source of folate [17]. Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate and is usually more bioavailable than natural food folate. Due to its lower bioavailability from natural foods, many countries have adopted mandatory folic acid food fortification programs.
Getting into the weeds with FDA: Can gluten-free bread carry an “enriched gluten-free bread” claim?
Risk of Celiac Disease in Children
2019: Association of Gluten Intake During the First 5 Years of Life With Incidence of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity and Celiac Disease Among Children at Increased Risk Higher gluten intake during the first 5 years of life was associated with increased rist of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among genetically predisposed children.
2019: Response to the above study. Gluten and CD Risk - is it just a matter of quantity?
Celiac Disease: Which Children Should Be Tested
Gene testing best for CD screening in high-risk children under age 2
Liu E., et al. Risk of pediatric celiac disease according to HLA haplotype and country. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371:42.
2019: Behavioral and Emotional Problems (in children) as Harbingers of Celiac Disease
Gene testing best for CD screening in high-risk children under age 2
Liu E., et al. Risk of pediatric celiac disease according to HLA haplotype and country. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371:42.
2019: Behavioral and Emotional Problems (in children) as Harbingers of Celiac Disease
Risk of Developing Celiac Disease - what NOT to worry about - Type of Delivery
2018: Mode of Delivery is not associated with Celiac Disease
2018: Cesarean Section on the Risk of Celiac Disease in the Offspring: The Teddy Study.
2018: Mode of Delivery is not associated with Celiac Disease
2018: Cesarean Section on the Risk of Celiac Disease in the Offspring: The Teddy Study.
Risk of Developing Celiac Disease - what NOT to worry about - Breastfeeding
Breast Feeding and Gluten Introduction: What Research Tells Us
Breast Feeding and Gluten Introduction: What Research Tells Us
Arsenic Exposure: rice products are almost always contaminated with arsenic, which could potentially affect pregnancy. For more information see the page: Another Kind of Contamination: Arsenic in Rice
The developmental neurotoxicity of arsenic: cognitive and behavioral consequences of early life exposure.
interview of co-author
Maternal Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Methylation Efficiency, and Birth Outcomes in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) Pregnancy Cohort in Mexico
Is Arsenic “Lactation Intolerant”?: Study Indicates Low Excretion in Breast Milk
The developmental neurotoxicity of arsenic: cognitive and behavioral consequences of early life exposure.
interview of co-author
Maternal Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Methylation Efficiency, and Birth Outcomes in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) Pregnancy Cohort in Mexico
Is Arsenic “Lactation Intolerant”?: Study Indicates Low Excretion in Breast Milk
From Mayo Clinic, December 2014: When to Introduce Gluten to Children
Here are the studies mentioned in the Mayo Clinic video:
Here are the studies mentioned in the Mayo Clinic video:
Introduction of Gluten, HLA Status, and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children Neither the delayed introduction of gluten nor breast-feeding modified the risk of celiac disease among at-risk infants, although the later introduction of gluten was associated with a delayed onset of disease. At 2 years of age, a significantly higher proportions of children in group A (those who were introduced to gluten at 6 months of age) than in group B (introduced to gluten at 12 months of age) had celiac disease autoimmunity (16% vs. 7%, P=0.002) and overt celiac disease (12% vs. 5%, P=0.01). At 5 years of age, the between-group differences were no longer significant. A high-risk HLA genotype was an important predictor of disease.
Randomized Feeding Intervention in Infants at High Risk for Celiac Disease As compared with placebo, the introduction of small quantities of gluten at 16 to 24 weeks of age did not reduce the risk of celiac disease by 3 years of age in this group of high-risk children.
Another article summarizing these studies: The Missing Environmental Factor in Celiac Disease
Gluten Introduction and The Risk of Coeliac Disease. A Position Paper By The European Society For Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
Effects of Gluten Intake on Risk of Celiac Disease: a case-control study on a Swedish birth cohort.
In this study, genetically susceptible children under age 2 who ate more gluten were more likely to develop CD.
Randomized Feeding Intervention in Infants at High Risk for Celiac Disease As compared with placebo, the introduction of small quantities of gluten at 16 to 24 weeks of age did not reduce the risk of celiac disease by 3 years of age in this group of high-risk children.
Another article summarizing these studies: The Missing Environmental Factor in Celiac Disease
Gluten Introduction and The Risk of Coeliac Disease. A Position Paper By The European Society For Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
Effects of Gluten Intake on Risk of Celiac Disease: a case-control study on a Swedish birth cohort.
In this study, genetically susceptible children under age 2 who ate more gluten were more likely to develop CD.